Monday, 13 April 2015

Specifying two types of evil

Bad stuff happens. I see it all around me. Sometimes, I blame it on myself, but sometimes, I feel like a helpless victim. Think of the bad stuff (evil) that I encounter in two different forms:

Moral evil is a natural consequence of human free will. Because God created people with the ability to choose, moral evil is the result of a person choosing wrong over right. Chapter 4 gives you the lowdown on this nasty stuff called sin.

Natural evil is a byproduct of the first moral evil that Adam and Eve committed (known as the Fall of man; see Chapter 4) and includes evils that people after the Fall haven’t caused by sinning. These include diseases, aging, natural disasters, polyester, leisure suits, and so on.

Christianity says that neither of these types of evil existed before Adam and Eve sinned. Rather, the first sinful act that the original dynamic duo committed unleashed a fury of evil onto the rest of the world that continues through the present day. However, Christianity goes on to say that the days of evil are numbered. Eventually, after the Second Coming of Jesus Christ (see Chapter 9), God will eliminate these evils once and for all in the new heaven and new earth.

Understanding why evil exists

So why would an all-loving, all-powerful, and all-knowing God allow this kind of evil to exist? Christians give a variety of responses to this problem, including the following:

Evil is the result of free will. God gave freedom to people, and he meant it. Because God wanted to give true free will to humans, he had to allow for the possibility of evil to occur. In other words, when you take a risk in order to achieve the greatest good, you also open yourself to settling with the worst bad.

As a comparison, suppose your softball team got a chance to play in the league championship. Would you take it? The opportunity to succeed is great, but you also open yourself up to losing as a natural byproduct of that decision to play. God seems to believe that the possibility of winning, even with the downside of losing, is greater than not playing in the game at all.

Evil is the result of original sin. The suffering that evil causes is a direct consequence of sin. Therefore, because all people have sinned (see Romans 3:23), the argument holds that I have no one to blame but myself, even if the evil that affects me is not directly the result of my specific sin. In this role, I am much like the getaway driver of a bank robbery that turned deadly. Even though I didn’t pull the trigger, I still receive punishment, because I was part of the crime. In the same way, Christians believe that every person is directly or indirectly an accomplice to all the sin of the world (see Chapter 4).

Evil sometimes achieves good. God hates evil but temporarily uses the suffering that results from evil to mold his believers into the kind of people that he wants them to be. Through suffering, Christians can develop qualities that last for eternity: joy regardless of circumstances, humility through knowledge of one’s limitations, and obedience in spite of the costs. Take note of how these play out in a Christian’s life:

Pain forces Christians to depend solely on God rather than on their own resolve. As they experience suffering, God takes them into a deeper relationship with him as they trust him for sustaining grace and power.

Pain provides an opportunity for God to display his power in a Christian’s life. The Apostle Paul, for example, experienced suffering (he called it a “thorn in his flesh”), but Paul understood that this problem was a way for God’s power to be displayed through his own weakness. In other words, Paul saw these moments as opportunities to glorify God: “For when I am weak, then I am strong” (2 Corinthians 12:7-10).

Pain brings spiritual joy. Paul said that he delighted in the suffering he went through – not because he was a masochist, but because instances of pain were opportunities for Jesus to be glorified in his life, so long as he kept focusing and relying on the Lord in the process. Take but one example: When he was jailed for his faith, he used the situations to preach to other prisoners – and even the jailors – to help bring them to saving faith in Jesus Christ.

The existence of evil allows for the best of all possible worlds. Even though it doesn’t seem like it initially, Christians believe that this world is the best way to bring about the best of all possible worlds. In spite of the evil that exists, any other ways of creating the world and humans would’ve resulted in even less goodness. For example, suppose God didn’t give free will to humans. In that case, the resulting robots that he created may have been programmed not to sin, making evil an impossibility. But to a loving God who desires relationships with his creation, a pre-programmed robot is far less good as compared to a human who chooses God on his or her own.

This argument may seem hard to stomach given the starving kids in third-world countries, the numerous hurricanes that have left many families with nothing and the terrorist tragedies that shake our world. However, a slightly different take on this argument is to look ahead and consider the grand scheme of eternity. With the new heavens and new earth (flip back to Chapter 9), God is planning the Ultimate of All Possible Worlds that his followers will enjoy for eternity. Given what’s to come, the way that he created and ordered this present world – with free will and all its implications – is evidently the best way to achieve that future, in spite of the current suffering and evil that exists.

However, humans have an earthly-centered mindset that makes it hard to think with an eternal perspective. The goal of most everyone is to achieve the highest quality of life on earth for as long as possible. Yet, God clearly demonstrates in the Bible that this objective isn’t what he’s got in mind for humanity. Instead, the New Testament talks a heck of a lot about suffering, persecution, and hardship for people who follow Jesus Christ. Earthly life, therefore, seems much more like a training ground for what’s to come. Just as football players have to go through much suffering and pain in summer training camp in order to prepare for the regular season, so too do people on this earth. Think about it – if a football team skipped training camp, they’d be unprepared to make it when the real games started. It seems clear that God feels the same way about his purpose for earthly life. Evidently, in order to have that Ultimate of All Possible Worlds – one that combines human free will with perfect obedience (see Chapter 9) – humans have to go through a considerable amount of blood, sweat, and tears on earth in order to be ready for that future.

In the end, although Christians offer up intellectual reasons for why God permits evil, you can’t easily sweep this topic under the table. The problem of evil and suffering is a tough issue to understand, involving both head and heart when people encounter it.
Another tough issue that Christians have to face head-on is the issue of moral relativism. I cover this topic in the next section.

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