Wednesday, 18 February 2015

Add one part water (But how?): Choosing a method of baptism

A final area of disagreement is the procedural issue of how exactly to baptize. Everyone agrees that H2O should be the liquid used, but debate occurs over how exactly to get the person wet. Because using a squirt gun isn’t an option, should the minister dunk a person under water, pour water over his or her head, or sprinkle a little on top? The issue seems minor compared to the other great debates of this chapter, but it’s deemed quite important by certain segments of the Christian Church. The Church holds two basic positions on this issue. 

A Christian’s age of accountability

A question that Christians have always wrestled with is the age of accountability, or the age at which a person is held accountable by God for his or her actions. Obviously, a one-year-old doesn’t have the ability to distinguish between good and evil, but an adult clearly does. Because biblical Christianity claims the existence of original sin, which says that people are born with a sinful nature (see Chapter 4), Christians have historically debated what this means for children who die at a young age. 

In spite of their inherited sinful nature, many Protestant Christians believe that until a child reaches an age of accountability, God will grant salvation to the child in the event of his or her premature death. Catholics believe that God sends infants to limbo (see the “What role sacraments play in salvation” section, earlier in this chapter) if they die before that age. However, a minority of Protestants dismiss the idea of an age of accountability completely, stressing the sin-soaked nature of all humans, no matter their age. 

The Bible never discusses any age of accountability. Christians have come up with various ages, ranging from as early as 5 years old to as late as 20. Other Christians say that the exact age depends completely on the individual, according to his or her ability to discern between right and wrong and to understand God’s truth. 

Baptizing by immersion only

Some Christians, such as Baptists, believe that the only valid way to baptize people is to dunk them underwater and lift them back up. People who hold this view argue that the Greek word for baptism is only correctly translated as “to dip.” They add that the Bible only explicitly endorses baptism by immersion, supporting their stance with verses such as John 3:23 and Acts 8:36. Researchers agree that baptism by immersion seems to have been the common practice in the New Testament Church, and even by the early second century, the common teaching was to immerse, if at all possible. 

Advocates of this method also say that immersion best represents the true meaning of baptism – that the act of dunking underwater signifies the believer’s death and burial to sin, and the act of rising up from water depicts the resurrection to a new life. 

Baptizing by multiple ways

The alternative position views immersion, pouring, and sprinkling as all valid forms of baptism. This view, held by Catholics and such Protestants as Methodists and Lutherans, claims that, although the Greek word baptism is translated as “to dip,” it can also mean “to put liquid over or on.” Therefore, because the exact Greek translation is vague, proponents argue that it’s impossible to make a decision based on language translation alone. 

In addition, though immersion seems to be the dominant method recorded in the Bible, it may have been impractical or even impossible for some of the baptismal incidents recorded in the Book of Acts (such as Acts 16:33, Acts 18:8, and Acts 19:5). Moreover, proponents argue that purification ceremonies in the Old Testament often used a variety of methods, including immersion, pouring, and sprinkling. 

Finally, holders of this view also typically believe that pouring and sprinkling best represent the meaning of baptism, showing the “pouring of the Holy Spirit” onto a person. 

Dedicated babies
People who believe in believer’s baptism (see the section, “Deciding who should be baptized,” in this chapter) don’t baptize their babies, but many have their child dedicated (or christened) to God in a ceremonial manner during a worship service. During a dedication (or christening), the parents and the church congregation as a whole dedicate the child’s life to God and dedicate themselves in the participation of raising the child in a godly manner.

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